Health and Safety Based Hazard at Workplace-Samples for Students

Question: Describe the workplace, the hazards and how this safety breach could have been avoided. What actually happened and how did Safework resolve this issue? What could have been done differently and how would you address this if you worked in this workplace? Answer: Introduction It is the basic responsibility of an organization to save or protect the employees against any kind of health and safety based hazard at workplace. The employees have all the right to know and understand about the prospective hazards and refuse the work that they believe and it can be very dangerous. Background Employees also have the accountability to operate in safe manner with a lot of hazardous materials. The concept of health and safety bound to exist in every kind of workplace (Hofmann et al, 2017). It can be recognized easily as well as corrected while there are other that can create a highly dangerous case that can become a threat in organization as well as long term health of the people. Outline The best way it can be saved is by learning to identify and save all the hazards in the workplace. Thesis Statement The major focus of the work is emphasized on the safety breaches that are possible at the workplace and what could be the best measures to resolve them? Discussion Safety Hazards The occupational hazard at the workplace is mainly encompassing the chemical, biological and the physical hazards. According to the US, National Institutive for the Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), a proper conduct for the workplace investigations and the research address about the long term and the short terms risks which are associated with the workplace. This includes the occupational safety and the health related to the increased risks of developing the cancer or the heart disease. The safety protocols are mainly to conduct through the hazard assessment at all the working environment and the equipment. Hence, for the unsafe working conditions, the safety hazards can lead to the injury illness and death. Workplace hazards As discussed, every organization bound to have hazards but in the current time it has become crucial to recognize that which one has become the most potential hazard that can harm the employees. It is also important to recognize all the hazards at the workplace and one must be prepared to completely control as well as remove them and save any kind of accidents, injuries and downtime etc. First thing which is crucial here is any kind of safety based protocol is based on the conduct a detailed assessment of the hazards of all kind of work culture and tools (Beus et al, 2016). Following is the detailed discussion where the safety hazards: It also covers anything that can also cause falls as well as work from a certain height, consisting ladders, roofs or any kind of raised level for work area. When it is the case of unguarded machinery and further moving it towards machinery parts that any worker can touch by accident (Carayon et al, 2015). There are ethical hazards as well like missing pins for ground, frayed cords, improper wire among confined spaces. Some of the physical hazards are the factors which can consist of any kind of factors within the boundaries of the environment that can further harm the body without touching it. It consists of the radiation consisting non-ionizing or ionizing like microwaves, EMFs etc. Another example is the elevated level of exposure to many ultraviolet rays or sunlight, extreme temperature conditions, continuous noise with loud voices. The ergonomic hazards happen when the kind of work with different body positions as well as working conditions that put a lot of strain on the body. It is very hard to spot because people dont always with sudden notices on the strain on the body or any kind of hard that such hazards pose (Estabrooks Glasgow, 2014). There are many short-term exposures as well that can result with sore muscles and the very next day or in days to come followed by the exposure however, the exposure in long term can b e a solution for so many serious long-term illnesses. Some of the hazards related to this are the workstation which is improper and adjusted along with chairs, constant lifting, poor kind of posture, vibrations etc. The chemical hazards are present when the worker is constantly exposed to any kind of chemical based preparation in the workplace in any kind be it liquid, gas and solid. Some elements are safe than others however for some workers one must be sensitive to certain kind of chemicals and this happens with simple solutions as well which lead to illness or irritation on skin or breathing issues (Nielsen et al, 2016). One should be very careful with any kind of liquid like cleansing product or paints or solvents specifically when chemicals are in container which is not labelled, fumes or vapours that come from exposure of solvents and welding. It is important to take hold of the gases in the form of propane, acetylene, carbon monoxide as well as helium, material which is flamm able like solvents, gasoline as well as explosive chemicals. The work organization hazards can cause a lot of stress which can be short term and strain which can be long term impacts. Such kind of hazards related with workplace problems like workload, lack of respect or control and many more (Basok et al, 2014). Following are some of the examples like the demands from workload, violence in workplace, elevated level of intensity and pace. The other disbalance in the system comes in the flexibility, control and sexual harassment. Evidence How workplace safety breach can be avoided Some of the strategies which could be taken into consideration are the collaboration and communication, where, according to the saying, the concept of safety is based on job and the communication is important for building a culture where the employees and their wellbeing is a top priority. To bridge the gap that exist between the department and recognizing the holes in the current safety based protocols is possible especially when collaborating which is supported with many enterprise level techniques. The associated GRC platforms that make sure better health as well as safety of process, rapid and efficient for the important audiences (van der Vorm et al, 2015). It also consists of right kind of documenting with automated and provide escalated procedures reviews for partners, clients as well as external agencies that can conduct the audits. This further helps in contributing to a more effective, connected safety and health program with less time wasted on duplicated efforts and sort any kind of confusion created by the process which is manual. In the risk visibility, the leadership program and executive level of involvement is set with health as well as safety that will never be completely integrating into operational risk based portfolio. There are so many risk leaders that requires to see operational, information based security as well as third party based risks in related to the company. Incorporation of health as well as safety based risks into this complete risk analysis not only enhances the visibility and impact the health as well as safety based risks for the executives however it also enhances awareness and it also foster a culture of safety at every level inside as well as outside the company (Egelhoff et al, 2015). High amount of visibility of workforce issues associated with safety at the executive level which produces the more responsibility and motivates all the stakeholders to considering health as well as safety that impacts all the aspects of the business. There are so many accidents which are repeated tha t are specifically not accepted and can be penalized in harsh manner by civil courts. These cases can be ignored completely with the usage of automated machines for the proper tracking procedure and gathering performance based data. Analysing the data in connection to track procedure and collect performance data (Hale et al, 2015). Evaluating the data in connection to the workplace based accidents, remedy efforts, adherence of the policy and training effectiveness. Improved level accidents resilience leads to risk exposure as well as liability rises the long problems that go completely undetected and un-resolved. The process is slow as well as ineffective with responses to workplace cases that can lead to repeated accidents and brand damage and intense scrutiny from varied regulators. Hence, it is important to focus on the workforce input where the risk management is in integrated manner that help in making sure all the important tasks are finished. For instance, safety teams must m ake sure that all the workers gain clarity on the policies and process by rightly tracking as well as documenting the participation in needed safety based training and administer the quizzes (Hale et al, 2015). It goes beyond any kind of policy and process, employees must also access to unnamed online portals via consisting the conveying concerns or ideas for workplace and safety based improvement without any fear of retaliating. Conclusion The safety hazards are related to the unsafe working conditions that could lead to the injury, illness and the death. It is important to focus on the unguarded machinery and the working parts at the workplace so that the issues could be ignored. Company cannot reach an effective level of risk management without consisting health and safety into the overall operational risk program. Summary of Main Point Every organisation whether large or small should focus on the safety hazards and work towards the people management of the resources. This is important for working over with the work activities as well as the other working conditions that put a strain on the body. Recommendations It is crucial to initiate a careful and detailed assessment of health and safety based management capabilities with data integration and internal case of restrictions to collaborate (Hale et al, 2015). Integration of health and safety challenges into operational level risk that can report to the management as well as to the board that will assist and raise the profile of the safety of workplace so that it can more closely aligned with strategic level planning with business goals and corporate level accountability initiatives. References Basok, T., Hall, A., Rivas, E. (2014). Claiming rights to workplace safety: Latin American immigrant workers in Southwestern Ontario.Canadian Ethnic Studies,46(3), 35-53. Beus, J. M., McCord, M. A., Zohar, D. (2016). Workplace safety: A review and research synthesis.Organizational psychology review,6(4), 352-381. Carayon, P., Hancock, P., Leveson, N., Noy, I., Sznelwar, L., Van Hootegem, G. (2015). Advancing a sociotechnical systems approach to workplace safetydeveloping the conceptual framework.Ergonomics,58(4), 548-564. Egelhoff, C., Katz, M., Brosseau, L. M., Hennrikus, D. (2015). Creating a representative sample of small manufacturing businesses for an integrated workplace safety and smoking cessation intervention study.Journal of occupational and environmental medicine/American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,57(7), 772. Estabrooks, P. A., Glasgow, R. E. (2014). Worksite interventions. InCambridge Handbook of Psychology, Health and Medicine, Second Edition. Cambridge University press. Hale, A., Borys, D., Adams, M. (2015). Safety regulation: the lessons of workplace safety rule management for managing the regulatory burden.Safety science,71, 112-122. Hofmann, D. A., Burke, M. J., Zohar, D. (2017). 100 years of occupational safety research: From basic protections and work analysis to a multilevel view of workplace safety and risk. Kritzler, M., Bckman, M., Tenflt, A., Michahelles, F. (2015, November). Wearable technology as a solution for workplace safety. InProceedings of the 14th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia(pp. 213-217). ACM. Nielsen, M. B., Skogstad, A., Matthiesen, S. B., Einarsen, S. (2016). The importance of a multidimensional and temporal design in research on leadership and workplace safety.The Leadership Quarterly,27(1), 142-155. van der Vorm, J., Nugent, R., O'Sullivan, L. (2015). Safety and Risk Management in designing for the lifecycle of an exoskeleton: A novel process developed in the Robo-Mate project.Procedia Manufacturing,3, 1410-1417.

Benjamin Franklin the Enlightenment Figure free essay sample

It also emphasized progression away from rotational customs and foundations that were supposedly restraining modern civilization. These ideas ran throughout the eighteenth century and spurred debates over religious order. During the Enlightenment Benjamin Franklin encouraged changes In the nature of human thought that, consequently, questioned the validity of popular Institutions. Philosophy, the Inquiry of wisdom, encouraged new Ideas based on the principle of natural law. Franklin, an established philosopher, inventor, printer, author, scientist, and visionary, was well-known for his contributions during he Age of Reason.In his autobiography Franklin detailed the significant strides he made to further his education and writing abilities, because he believed that self- education, self-improvement, self-discipline were the constituent parts of the self- made man (Maser, 16). Franklins transcendental calling led him to become a consummate Enlightenment figure through his constant pursuit to Aegis 2 improve mankind through revolutionary social understandings, religious establishment, political development, and new scientific inventions. Franklins reputation was well-known in the loonies, especially in Philadelphia, because of the social contributions he made for the betterment of society. He communicated his Ideas from his Printing House Vial newspapers, to which he had many subscribers. Franklin contributed to the Enlightenment by spreading his ideas in society through his creation of the Junta, a private group in which the members shared differing viewpoints on a range of topics. This group discussed any Point of Morals, Politics or Natural Philosophy, to be discussed by the Company (Franklin, 75). Some of the most notable contributions of he Junta Include proposals for a circulating library, a fire company and fire Insurance company, and better cleaning and Illuminating the streets (Maser, 6). The Libraries Made the common Tradesmen Farmers as intelligent as most Gentlemen from other Countries (Franklin, 85). The social contributor was aware of his humble upbringing and the success he achieved through education. Franklin ascended to the highest social status and, because of his success, he was compelled to offer others, like himself, the opportunity he had been given. As an effort to purport the opportunities of the poor, Franklin came up with the Idea to create a free institution would have resisted the predestination of poor youth towards future financial dependence, thus creating more social equality. He often thought of the well-being of others and introduced his institutions in support of that goal. Franklin, having been raised in a family with a limited financial status, was aware that education was the primary benefactor contributing Gets 3 to his success.Without education, Franklin may have been a labor worker, confined to a lifestyle of the lower or middle class. His newspaper, The Pennsylvania Gazette, [stimulated] new interests in education, science and literature, and as a consequence many new colleges were founded (Historicity. Com). He, along with the help of the Junta, introduced the plans for establishing the first American business institution for higher education; The University of Pennsylvania. The visionary outlined his plans for the institution in a reading titled, Proposals relating to the Education of Youth in Pennsylvania.As a means of resolving public health issues and providing care for the physically or mentally ill. Franklin constructed the idea for the first map for a public hospital in Pennsylvania. The final bit of philanthropic advice given from Franklin outlines a list of the 13 virtues necessary to live a virtuous life. Franklin mastered all of the virtues on his list and felt that others could benefit from his system not [by] attempting the whole at once, but [by fixing] one of them at a time (Franklin, 96).As a philanthropist, Franklin continuously sought after ways to improve his community. With the help of his Junta, Franklin succeeded in leading new undertakings of social advancement. He expressed his hope to produce something for the common Benefit of Mankind (Franklin, 6). Benjamin Franklin notably contributed to the period of religious revival known as the Great Awakening. Being a printer, he was well acquainted with the texts of different religious sects, because much of the material printed at the time were Bible texts.Franklin represents a quintessential ideal of how to achieve success through education. His pursuit of perfection was driven by the values instilled in him by his Puritan father as Aegis 4 a child. Synonymous with the beliefs of the Puritan faith he acquired during is childhood, Franklin embodied the protestant work ethnic through his pursuit of economic, political, and social success. Later, after Franklin left his fathers care and was open to influences of the world he was converted to a new religion; Deism. Through his fame, Franklin contributed to the growth of Enlightenment rationalism (Finer, 1 52) by supporting the newly established religion of Deism. Deism changed how people in the New and Old world viewed divine authority by challenging traditional religious beliefs. Franklin was attracted to this religion, because he found the arguments much stronger than those of other religions. In his autobiography he states, And from the attributes of God, his infinite wisdom, goodness power concluded that nothing could possibly be wrong in the world (Franklin, 74).This quote unearths the religious leaders support for his beliefs. He expresses that if God is perfect and everything God makes is perfect, then how could something that is scientifically proven in nature be imperfect. Thus, from this standpoint, life must be governed by natural law. Franklin, because he formed religious opinions based on reason, independent of authority or dogma was known recruiting other members, because of his intellectual fame. His religious ideals were circulated through his newspapers and helped spur the Great Awakening.During the Great Awakening Deism was attacked by Old Light ministers wanting to increase church membership and strengthen spiritual fidelity in tradition religions and their forms of worship. Despite their varying beliefs, Deists still considered themselves Christians. Aegis 5 Franklin caused many conflicts from his introduction of Deism, but he also received credit for his personal endeavor, gaining many new followers. As the consummate Enlightenment figure of the eighteenth entry Franklin made his voice heard in the political affairs of the colonies and Britain.Franklins political career extended during the period of time from the sasss to 1790. He served as [the oldest] delegate to the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention (Maser, 17). He felt that the colonies needed a strong intellectual voice to support their cause for independence. He contributed to the drafting of the US Constitution and offered his thoughts to the Continental Congress on the Articles of Perpetual Union, to help prepare the Declaration of Independence (Maser, 11). In 1783 Franklin was used as a negotiator during the conclusion of the Revolutionary war, involving the American colonies and Britain.He honorably negotiated with Britain and advocated the passage of the Treaty of Paris, which ended the French and Indian War. Nearing the conclusion of his life, the great political figure was the President of the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery (Web Guides). Franklins political and diplomatic activities never ceased (Maser, 7). Therefore, he was able to involve himself with government affairs in the American loonies, pushing the will of the people whom he represented.His social status grew evermore as he sat in positions of political influence. Benjamin Franklins continual endeavor for knowledge and scientific advancement affirmed his authority as, the greatest philosopher of the present age (Maser, 12). Franklin educated himself in popular scientific theories which lead him to develop new inventions that served mankind. He invented many things that rightfully Aegis 6 gave him international fame. One of such inventions, called the lightning rod, acted as society protector by directing kinetic energy from lightning surges into the round.Many house fires, occurring in wooden colonial buildings, were often caused by lightning strikes. These lightning rods gained so much support that they were erected on the tops of many prominent buildings in both Europe and North America. This invention, developed in 1752, was perfected so that it has remained the primary method of averting lightning damage for over 250 years. Another invention, the open stove, took the place of traditional fireplaces in British and American colonial societies. Fireplaces were the most common way of producing heat, but they were mingle inefficient.Franklins new invention allowed for a more efficient fire , used one quarter as much wood, and generated twice as much heat (Bellies). The open stove, as well as the lightning rod, decreased the number of house fires in British and Colonial communities. In addition, the inventor refined glasses so that they would contain two sets of lenses in each frame, one pair for seeing up close and bifocals. There were also many other less renowned inventions that he developed, such as the glass Romania, the odometer, swim fins, the medical catheter, and the ladder chair.He expressed his desire to do good works, by refusing to place patents on his inventions so that others were given the opportunity to benefit from his success. With success came admiration. The many people who revered him for his work in philosophy and science [were called] Franklins (Maser 11). Through his scientific inventions, Franklin hoped to ease the burdens of labor and possibly contribute to the freeing of slaves (Franklin, 19). Franklin gained satisfaction by the amount of public Aegis 7 approval and success achieved by his inventions, not by his financial gains.He refused to accept patents for his inventions stating, As we enjoy great Advantages from the Inventions of others, we should be glad of an Opportunity to serve others by any Invention of ours, and this we should do freely and generously (Franklin, 124). He carried this philosophy throughout his life, gaining much admiration from the public for his humility. Benjamin Franklin was a virtuous American who became known as a consummate Enlightenment figure. He was honored with this title due to his social improvements, religious devotion, political fame, and scientific success.

Industrialism, Progress or Decline

The Industrial Revolution during the Victorian Age was perhaps one of the most interesting periods in England. The fact that man could invent machines to replace manual work was received with enthusiasm and dismay. Spinning and weaving machines such as the spinning jenny marked the beginning of an era where machines would make human labour obsolete (NAEL, 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Industrialism, Progress or Decline specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The coming of the steam engine in the late eighteenth century accelerated man’s belief in the capacity to create entire industries and manufacture goods using technology. Technological inventions also proved that man was capable of utilizing resources in a manner never seen before. While there were those that were mesmerized by the changes, very many were against the direction that human economy was taking. First, there was the logical concern about wor kers losing their jobs thus causing endless poverty and thus activists for these workers came out against these machines. The other class of persons is that which believed that ideologically, the path of technology was uncertain. There was a feeling that man’s creations would eventually lead him to destruction. Nothing captures this view than the book Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley in 1818 (Baldick, 3). The book was written at a period when the Industrial Revolution had just picked up steam. The steam engine had just been around for a decade or so and new machines were replacing hundreds of people. Scientists and engineers were engrossed in designing inventions that would make work easier and altogether render human labour obsolete. At the time, Mary Shelley was just 19 years old and at that age, she could already witness the agony of the workers being laid off as well as the speculation about where this revolution was taking England. The book is in narrative form and t he main character is Victor Frankenstein, a man consumed by an inventive idea. He believes that he can make a creation that would much be like man and he sets about doing so. Eventually he is successful but when the creature gains life, Frankenstein has to deal with issues of controlling it. Eventually, the creature which is referred to as the monster kills those close to him and he is devastated. He dedicates his life to destroying the monster in a fight to the death. In the end, he prevails but is devastated at the consequences of his obsession to create (Baldick, 156).Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The book was clearly written by Mary Shelley being part of the â€Å"Enlightment† school of thought as an attack against the uncertainties of industrialism. The monster tells Frankenstein that it acknowledges that he is its creator but he must obey (Chapter 20). This statement is perhaps the most telling on the author’s thoughts on the ramifications of industrialism. Mary Shelley in writing the book was expressing fears that were already in the public domain (Baldick, 14). There was fear from the religious quarters that once man began these mesmerizing creations, he might forget that he is merely mortal and purport to be God himself. The people holding this belief seemed to be convinced that once this happened, man would be punished and reminded of his mortality (Baldick, 23). This is well captured in Chapter 22 when Victor Frankenstein regrets creating the monster and states that the monster had ‘blinded’ him as to its real intentions and when he thought that his life was at stake, the monster took that of his dear Elizabeth. The comparison here is that while industrialism and technological innovation may seem to be taking man in a particular direction, there was is a hidden consequence with far sinister results. Indeed industrialism did come with various negative effects such as the migration of poor workers into towns to live in squalor as they hoped to get jobs in the newly created factories. Due to the low wages being paid since man had to compete with machine, life was miserable for the poor and workers worked in deplorable conditions. In a way Mary Shelley’s prediction that man would regret the Industrial Revolution came true when the economic depression in the early 1840’s hit England hard. Families went hungry and many workers were laid off causing untold suffering. Various writers such as Charles Dickens and Elizabeth Barrett Browning wrote on the plight of workers at this time of misery (NAEL, 1). Judging from the contribution that the Industrial Revolution played in ushering in modern day economies, it can be said that eventually, the revolution did turn out as a force for good. Technology today has made great changes to man’s lifestyle most of them positive. Frankenstein’s re marks on Chapter 4 that his creation would ‘bring light to a mysterious world’ came to pass has indeed Industrialism did bring a light in a world that would have been dark. However, this came at a cost. The debate today is reflected in the objections from many quarters against stem cell research and invention of intuitive robots.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Industrialism, Progress or Decline specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Baldick, Chris. In Frankenstein’s Shadow. Myth, Monstrosity, and Nineteenth-Century Writing. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987. Print Norton Anthology of English Literature (NAEL). Industrialism, Progress or Decline: An Overview. 2011. (25th March, 2011) Retrieved from https://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/nael/victorian/topic_1/welcome.HTM Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein; or ‘The Modern Prometheus. London: Pocket Books, 1818. Print This essay on Industrialism, Progress or Decline was written and submitted by user Judith P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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An Investigation into the elastic properties of different thickness of elastic bands Essays

An Investigation into the elastic properties of different thickness of elastic bands Essays An Investigation into the elastic properties of different thickness of elastic bands Essay An Investigation into the elastic properties of different thickness of elastic bands Essay Aim: the aim of this experiment is to find out what effect that different thickness of elastic bands has to the amount they stretch under a series of different weights. To test this I shall use different thickness of elastic band that are all the same length.. The final adjustment I shall make is to measure the thickest band with greater weights as well. This will show the effect of weight and its relation to the amount the band stretches. Hypothesis: According to hooks law the expansion of a spring is proportional to the weight it supports. If the same applies to the rubber band it to should increase in the amount it has expanded when a greater weight is applied. I therefore am able to predict that although not all the time the band will expand at the same rate as the amount of weight applied. However elastic bands are not quite as elastic as springs and so I do not expect this to be completely true. I also expect that the thicker the band the greater the weight will be required to stretch the band at the same rate. This entire put together should mean that as the pull on the bands is increased so the amount they stretch is. This should also mean that the amount they increase by should be smaller the thicker the band is. (E.g. the thinnest band might increase by 3cm for each extra Newton, the second thickest might increase by 2 cm and the thickest might increase by just 1cm. this would be up to a point where the bands would incre ase quicker. This point would be a greater force for each of the thicker bands with the thickest band needing the greatest pull before this occurred.) Diagram: Variables: The 2 things I am going to change (on purpose) is the thickness of the band and the amount of force pulling on the band. I will only change one variable at a time. The fact that I shall have to do it over two days could affect the temperature of the band and this could have a direct effect on the results of the elastitisity band. I shall however use the same equipment for the experiment. The person who looks at the elastic band shall be the same all the time. Measurements: I am going to measure the length of the band between 0.1cm and 30 cm. This shall be accurate to 0.1 of a cm. The weight being used on the band shall be measured between 10grms and 500grms. Plan/Method: First of all I shall start of with the thinnest band and with the 10grm weight. After I take down the result I shall increase the weight by 10grms and take the result again. I9 shall repeat this until I get up to 150grm where I shall increase the weight by 50 grams and take the result. Once I get up to 500grms I shall stop. Once I have done all the results for that band I shall repeat the experiment again but with the thicker band. Once that thickness of band has been done I shall do the experiment again but with the thickest band. Apparatus: I am going to need a 30cm ruler, a clamp stand, 3 different thickness of elastic bands, some tape and some weights. These weights will have to be able to get up to 150grms increasing in 10grms and 500grms increasing in 50grms so the best would be 15 10grm weights and 7 50grm weights. Risk assessment: The only problem could be if someone was messing about and he fired a band into someone elses eye. So to avoid this we shall all not mess about. Analysing evidence and drawing conclusions Analysis: All the bands start of looking the same with a pattern like Band 3 however bands 2 and 1 go off from this pattern. For band 1 this happens after it reaches 100grms and beyond 10cm in length. This is where it goes up dramatically. For band 2 this occurs around 150 or 10cm again. It is roughly the same in both cases. After this point the bands length rises dramatically. Conclusion: When a load gets too much for an object. The object no longer goes back too its original size and it now gets stretched to a different degree to that which it did previously. This is because there are small elastic atoms which hold the band together when a load gets too much these come out of place. So it gets stretched and cant come back together to its original shape as the atoms which hold the band together this means it does not have all the atoms in there right place and is stretched. This is shown in band 12 and Band 2 where the band suddenly stretches a lot greater then previously. These results compliment my hypothesis very well. Evaluating Evidence The Evidence: I had plenty of evidence as a clear pattern can be seen in each of the band graphs. These patterns also make a lot of sense. The evidence was very accurate however it was not as accurate as it could have been. A few pieces of evidence can be seen to make not as much sense in the whole feel of the graph. However these differences are not massive. The evidence is still good enough to support my theory. As there is enough of it and it is quite accurate. Improvements: I could have improved my experiment by using a ruler to check out the length to be sure. This would have made my results more accurate but probably would have made the pattern the same. I could have extended my experiment by including more results between 150 to 500.

Monetary and fiscal policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Monetary and fiscal policy - Essay Example Through tax cuts, my firm will save very many jobs that previously would have been lost. When utilized, tax cuts save many jobs and this in return helps in saving the economy from taking major shots. Because a firm like mine is not a popular decision at the time tax cuts were available, when the distribution of tax cuts are fair to deserving companies, history proves that they end up being the best (Shiller, 2008). I am sure on this one and I have to admit. Yes, tax cuts have effects with the major one being saving jobs. But the question that keeps coming on my mind is do such firms like mine get fat checks with only those in high ranks getting rich while the person with a low rank in the food chain continues to struggle. This makes me think that the government should take time and look at the financials of companies it plans to bail out for the purposes of looking and seeing whether it might cut the fat. This does not seem to have an impact and effect but as an owner of my firm, I k now well the effects that imposing tax cuts on all household goods can have. This in short is bailing a company out and the effects start from within where employees can even get an increase in pay (Shiller, 2008). 2 In the past few years, the government has had an important role in "bailing out" certain industries. This is a type of government spending. This government bailout affected my firm directly since the promises that the codes give are to uphold the regulations of businesses, to act with transparent facts, without malice, and with reasonable care that will suffer from any pressure coming from third parties. Business freedom demonstrated to the second party auditors that are independent is what the corporation cherishes (Shiller, 2008). Unless dully authorized, the bailout codes of ethics bring the employees tight together to maintain the corporation’s confidentiality, which is vital. Another promise is ensuring all employees have exceptional quality communication fl ow and regularly to update the government on any financial matter that comes up in the business. It adheres to everything it says and follows it to the letter.In the recent past, economists do not have trust in government bailouts in terms of the nation’s well being. They have been proposing for alternative measures like the profits giving reasons why bailouts are not good enough. Below are their outlined reasons (Shiller, 2008). A bailout leaves out many goods by only counting money transactions. There are many disregarded important parts of the economy. For example, most household tasks like caring for the children and the elderly, cleaning and general home maintenance, preparation of food and voluntary services do not get into account. During the calculations, bailouts zero rates all these activities assuming they do contribute anything to the economy. This alone contributes a lot to distorted policies of the public. In cases where family act gets criticism of bailouts red uction, the denigrations are baseless because it does not reflect the increments in many economies of the household initiated by the act (Shiller, 2008). A bailout takes care of all dealings as positive. Government bailouts

Fundamentals of Decision Support Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fundamentals of Decision Support - Essay Example Decisions are required when managers handle a situation with two or more alternative courses of action. To select the right course of action, the manager must analyze all the relevant information available. Information with no monetary figure requires a qualitative decision. Quantitative decisions, like in this scenario, are accompanied by measurable information mostly in financial figures. A quantitative decision problem is made up of six components. Decision problems involving two or more variables are a common occurrence when managing a business. A high number of variables increase the level of complexity of the decision to be made. All variables have to be considered when making such decisions. There are methods used to analyze a decision problem. Common decision problem analysis methods include the simplex method and cost- volume- profit technique. Computer programs have also been developed to aid in the decision-making. The computer decision support software includes DecisionPro and Microsoft Excel (Brandimarte, 2012).  £12 per unit. Product 2 has a profit margin of  £16 per unit. The setup cost for manufacturing facilities required to produce the two products also vary. Product 1 production facility installation cost is  £45000 while for product 2 the setup cost for its production facility is  £76000. The company has two factories capable of producing the two products. The rate of production of the two factories varies. Factory 1 can produce 52 units of product 1 per hour and 38 units of product 2 per hour. Factory 2 can produce 42 units of product 1 per hour and 23 units of product 2 per hour. Factory 1 has 480 hours available for production of the two products. Factory 2 has 720 hours available for production of the two products. The aim of this solution is to optimize the profits the company will derive from producing the two products with the limited resources the company has. The constraints, in

Adamantinoma of the Right Tibia Case Study

Adamantinoma of the Right Tibia Case Study INTRODUCTION: Adamantinoma is low grade malignant tumor of fibroblast origin. Also called as primary epidermoid carcinoma of bone, malignant angioblastoma or epithelial tumor of bone. It was first described by Fischer in 1913.1 It represents less than 0.4% of all malignant bone tumors.2 The exact origin of adamantinoma is unknown, the classic variant is composed of epithelial cells and osteofibrous components. It is more prevalent in men than in women, ratio being 5:4. The common age of presentation is in the second decade, though it can vary greatly between the second to fifth decades.3 The common site of occurrence is the ramus of the mandible. The other uncommon locations include shaft of long bones (97%), mid-shaft of tibia (80%-85%).4 Other rare locations includes the humerus, ulna, femur, fibula and radius but ribs, spine, metatarsal and carpal bones.5 The characteristic features of adamantinoma is slow, gradual development with high chances of local recurrences and also metastases to lungs .6 In this case study, we have presented a rare histological acanthomatous variant of adamantinoma of the right tibia with metastases to the right inguinal region. CASE REPORT: A 45 year old male patient presented with history of pain in right leg since 3-4 months, insidious onset, gradually progressive, aggravated on exercise, relieved on rest and medication. Later patient had no relief on medication. There was no history of trauma or fall preceeding to onset of symptoms. The patient also complained of swelling in the right groin since 1 month, without pain. On examination, the patient was stable. Local examination showed, a swelling of about 5X3cm in the upper end right leg, tender, well defined, hard in consistency, smooth surface, involving the right knee joint line. There was restriction of movement, but range of movements was present. Examination of right inguinal region revealed a 7X6cm firm, non-matted mass, immobile, non-tender, non-reducible, non-pulsatile mass. Local examination of penis, scrotum, anal canal, hernia orifices was normal. Baseline investigations were done, all the haematological parameters were normal, ultrasound abdomen and chest radiograph was normal. Plain radiograph of right tibia showed large central lytic lesion with sclerotic margins, involving the upper end and shaft of tibia without involvement of right knee joint. Supra-patellar amputation of right leg with right inguinal and right external iliac nodal dissection was done. Histopathological examination of the mass was done. The reported was suggestive of acanthomatous adamantionoma. The features are as described, central area of squamous cell nests which were well differentiated with keratinization surrounded by a rim of myxoid cells. Further immunohistochemistry(IHC) study was done to confirm the diagnosis. IHC was also consistent with the diagnosis and confirmed the diagnosis. Positivity was found for cytokeratin(CK), EMA, CK-19, CK-5, CK-6, P-63, and Ki-67 and vimentin. Also metastases to right inguinal lymph node was confirmed. DISCUSSION: The first bone tumor with epithelial characteristic was reported by Maier in 1900, later in 1913 Fischer termed it as adamantinoma. It is more common in men than in women. The age of presentation varies between the second to fifth decade. The uncommon sites includes the shaft of long bones(97%), of which the mid-shaft of tibia being the most common site(80-85%). The symptoms at presentation include pain with localised swelling. Swelling is the most common symptom. Pain may be present due to history of repetitive trauma associated with adamantinoma.7 Adamantinoma is low grade malignant tumor, and can metastasize to loco-regional nodal areas and to lungs at presentation. The patient in the case report was also a middle aged man in the fifth decade with pain and swelling in the right tibia since 3-4 months and swelling in the right groin. Three theories have been proposed for the source of cell of origin, 1) epithelial, 2) angioblasts, and 3) synovial tumors from uncommon ectopic sites. This was done because the tumor tissue is composed of both epithelial and osteofibrous components.8 In different combinations, different patterns are formed. On microscopy, the commonest form is the classical variant, followed by the osteofibrous pattern. In the classic variant, the types are basaloid, spindle cell, tubular, and squamous patterns. In the classical variant, central epithelial component with surrounding zone of fibrous tissue containing few immature trabecuated bone components are seen. In the osteofibrous variant, cental area of fibrous tissue, surrounded by peripheral zone of epithelial components are seen. Spindle cell variant is most commonly seen with recurrent lesion and metastatic lesions. The typical findings of classical variant were consistent in our case as well, which showed a well differentiated keratinizing pattern of squamous cell nests surrounded by a rim of myxoid cells. Immunohistochemistry exhibits positivity for both epithelial and osseous elements. Fibrous components are positive for vimentin. Epithelial components show positivity for cytokeratin(CK) 5, 14, 19; rarely positive for CK 1,13,17. It is usually negative for CK 8 and 18. Also shows positivity for epithelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor receptor. Our case had features as described, also positivity was found for p-63, Ki-67 and CK-6, which favour our diagnosis of acantomatous adamantinoma. Genetic studies reveal chromosomal abberations on chr 7,8,12,19.9 Also aneuploidy has been associated with epithelial components.10 There is loss of heterozygosity of p53 gene. Rarely,(11;22) translocations have been reported in case of adamantinoma, and is termed adamantinoma-like ewing’s sarcoma.11 11;22 translocation is not seen is in adamantinoma. Radiological investigations include radiographs, computer tomography(CT), magnetic resonace imaging(MRI). All the modalities are necessary not only to confirm the diagnosis, also to define the extent of involve and the aggressiveness of the tumor. On plain radiographs usually eccentric, lobulated, cental lytic lesions with a peripheral sclerosis is present in the diaphyseal or metaphyseal ends of long bones. These lesion tend to appear on tibia with a typical picture of soap-bubble appearance.12 CT shows osteolytic lesion in the bone. MRI is the investigation of choice. It helps not only in defining the extent of cortical involvement of bone, soft tissue involvement, but also helps in ruling out other etiologies such as ewing’s sarcoma, adamantinoma, osteosarcoma, metastatic disease, fibrous dysplasia of bone.13 The typical features as described in the literature was true in our case as well. Treatment of adamantinoma has no definitive guidelines. Excisional biopsy is preferred rather than curratage of bone. Curratage of bone is associated with recurrence’s, upto 30% recurrence has been reported with curettage.14 Radical excision of the bone is associated with better outcome and prognosis. Limb salvage procedures include en-block resection, followed by reconstruction of the bony defect which includes vascularised or non-vascularised bone grafts, custom made protheses, intercalary allografts and distraction osteogenesis.15 When limb salvage is not possible, amputation is the definitive treatment of choice. The incidence of mortality with adamantinoma is about 17%, and increases to about 20% when pulmonary metastasis is present. In our patient work up was done and right supra patellar amputation was done, with right inguinal and right external iliac lymph nodal dissection was done and histopathological examination further showed metastases to right inguinal region.